• HOME
• THE LANGUAGE OF MADNESS
• THE ASYLUM
• • Asylum Design
  • Patient Buildings
• SOCIETY
• • Urban & Rural Life
  • Class & Gender
  • The Hysterical Female
  • The Evils of "Self-Abuse"
  • Family
  • Visitors
• LEGISLATION
• • Legislative Influence
  • Origins of Legislation and the Criminality of Insanity
  • Teenaged Years: Marked Custody Transition
  • Turn of the Century: Voluntary Admissions
  • Updated Act: The Mental Hospital Act
• SUPERINTENDANTS
• STAFF
• • Working at the LAI
  • Hiring Practices
  • Rules for Employees
  • Employee Roles in Moral Therapy
  • Doctors at LAI
  • Doctor Connections to UWO
  • Training School for Nurses
  • Attendants
  • General Staff
• PATIENT PERSPECTIVES
• • Introduction
  • Patient Art
  • Patient Letters
  • Their Voice
• MEDICAL TREATMENTS
• • Medical Treatment Introduction
  • Use of Restraints
  • Drug and Alcohol
  • Hydrotherapy
  • Female Surgeries
  • Neurosyphilis
  • Shock Therapy
  • Lobotomies
• MORAL THERAPY
• • Moral Therapy Introduction
  • Labour
  • Amusements
  • Diet
  • Religion
• THE WORLD WARS
• • Before the First World War
  • During the First World War
  • After the First World War
  • The First World War and the LAI
  • First World War Veterans at the LAI
  • The Second World War
• MEMORIES OF RMHCL

Secondary Bibliography

Primary Bibliography   |   Secondary Bibliography

Adams, Annmarie. "The Provincial Asylum in Toronto: Reflections on Social and Architectural History." Canadian Historical Review 83,1 (2002): 110-114.

Barham, Peter. Forgotten Lunatics of the Great War. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.

Barr, Murray L. A Century of Medicine at Western. Owen Sound: Richardson, Bond & Wright Ltd., 1977.

Barr, M. L. "George Herbert Stevenson, 1894-1976." Royal Society of Canada. Proceedings and Transactions, ser. 4, 15 (1977): 113-116.

Beautiful Dreamers. Produced by Michael MacLear and Martin Walters. NFB, 1992. 1 videocassette.

Binneveld, Hans. From Shell Shock to Combat Stress: A Comparative History of Military Psychiatry. Translated by John O'Kane. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1997.

Braslow, Joel. Mental Ills and Bodily Cures: Psychiatric Treatment in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

Brock, Daniel J. Dan Brock's Historical Almanac of London. London: Applegarth Follies, 1975.

Brown, William J. and James F. Donohue, Norman W. Axnik, Joseph H. Blount, Neal H. Ewan, Oscar G. Jones. Syphilis and Other Venereal Diseases. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1973.

Bucke, Richard Maurice. Cosmic Consciousness : A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind. New York: University Books, Inc., 1970.

---. Walt Whitman. London: Alexander Gardner, 1884.

Christie, Nancy. "Strangers in the Family: Work, Gender and the Origins of Old Age Homes." Journal of Family History 32,4 (2007): 371-391.

Clarke, Nic. "Exploring British Columbian Society's Perceptions of 'Mentally Deficient' Children, 1870-1930." BC Studies 114 (2004-5): 61-89.

---. "Opening Closed Doors and Breaching High Walls: Some Approaches for Studying Intellectual Disability in Canadian History". Histoire Sociale: Social History 39, 78 (2006): 467-485.

Conner, Patrick J. "'Neither Courage Nor Perseverance Enough': Attendants at the Asylum for the Insane, Kingston, 1877-1905." Ontario History 88,4 (1996): 251-72.

Coyne, James H. Richard Maurice Bucke: A Sketch. Toronto: H.S. Saunders, 1923.

Deadman, John C. "Social Attitudes Towards the Mentally Ill: A Historical Perspective." Mentalities 11,2 (1997): 61-69.

Dunlop, Joseph. "Politics, Patronage and Scandal at the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, 1848-1857." Ontario History 98,2 (2006): 183-208.

Edington, Barry. "The Design of Moral Architecture at the York Retreat." Journal of Design History 16,2 (2003):103-117.

Finnane, Mark. "Asylums, Families and the State." History Workshop 20 (Autumn, 1985): 134-148.

Francis, Daniel. "The Development of the Lunatic Asylum in the Maritime Provinces." Acadiensis 6,2 (1977): 23-38.

Gray, K. G. "The Mental Hospitals Act, 1935 (Ontario)." The University of Toronto Law Journal 2, 1 (1937): 103-113.

Greenland, Cyril. "Richard Maurice Bucke, M.D., 1837-1902: A Pioneer of Scientific Psychiatry." Canadian Medical Association Journal 91 (1964): 385-391.

---. "Richard Maurice Bucke, M.D. 1837-1902: Psychiatrist, Author, Mystic." In Personality Change and Religious Experience. R.M. Bucke Memorial Society. Montréal: s.n., 1965.

"In Memoriam Fulton Schuyler Vrooman". American Journal of Psychiatry 91 (September, 1934): 483.

Jones, Kathleen. Mental Health and Social Policy 1845-1959. New York: The Humanities Press, 1960.

---. Asylums and After: A Revised History of the Mental Health Services: From the 18th Century to the 1990s. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Athlone Press, 1993.

Kelm, M.E. "A Life Apart: The Experience of Women and the Asylum Practice of Charles Doherty at British Columbia's Provincial Hospital for the Insane, 1905-15." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 11,2 (1994): 335-355.

Kolb, Lawrence. "Post-War Psychiatric Perspectives." In Psychiatry and the War, ed. Frank J. Sladen. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1943. 299-310.

Krasnick, Cheryl Lynn. "The London, Ontario Asylum for the Insane, 1870-1902." M.A. thesis, University of Western Ontario, 1981.

---. "'In Charge of the Loons': A Portrait of the London, Ontario Asylum for the Insane in the Nineteenth Century." Ontario History 74,3 (1982): 138-184.

Krasnick Warsh, Cheryl. "The First Mrs. Rochester: Wrongful Confinement, Social Redundancy, and Commitment to the Private Asylum, 1883-1923." Historical Papers (1988): 145-167.

---. Moments of Unreason: The Practice of Canadian Psychiatry and the Homewood Retreat, 1883-1923. Montréal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1989.

Jameson, Mary Ann, ed. Richard Maurice Bucke: A Catalogue Based Upon the Collections of the University of Western Ontario Libraries. London [Ont.]: The Libraries, The University of Western Ontario, London, 1978.

Johnston, Christine I.M. The Father of Canadian Psychiatry: Joseph Workman. Victoria: The Ogden Press, 2000.

Judd, W. W. "George Alexander MacCallum (1843-1936) Physician, Naturalist and Parasitologist." The Cardinal (November, 1977): 14-19.

Lanzoni, Susan. "The Asylum in Context: An Essay Review." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 60,4 (2005): 499-505.

Leese, Peter. Shell Shock: Traumatic Neurosis and the British Soldiers of the First World War. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002.

Lozynsky, Artem. The Letters of Dr. Richard Maurice Bucke to Walt Whitman. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1977.

---. Richard Maurice Bucke, Medical Mystic: Letters of Dr. Bucke to Walt Whitman and His Friends. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1977.

MacGregor, John M. The Discovery of the Art of the Insane. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Malleck, Daniel. "A State Bordering on Insanity? Identifying Drug Addiction in Nineteenth-Century Canadian Asylums." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 16,2 (1999): 247-269.

McKibben, Paul Stilwell. The Faculty of Medicine of the University of Western Ontario. London, Ont: The University of Western Ontario, 1928.

Menzies, Robert. "'I Do Not Care for a Lunatic's Role': Models of Regulation and Resistance Inside the Colquitz Mental Home, British Columbia, 1919-33." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 16,2 (1999): 181-213.

Menzies, Robert and Dorothy Chunn. "The Gender Politics of Criminal Insanity: 'Order-in-Council' Women in British Columbia, 1888-1950." Histoire Sociale: Social History 31, 62 (1999): 241-279.

Middleton, Jesse Edgar and Fred Landon M.A. The Province of Ontario's History 1615-1927 Vol. III. Toronto: The Dominion Publishing Company Ltd., 1927.

Mitchinson, Wendy. "R.M. Bucke: A Victorian Asylum Superintendent." Ontario History 73,4 (1981): 239-254.

---. "Gynecological Operations on Insane Women: London, Ontario, 1895-1901." Journal of Social History 15,3 (1982): 467-484.

---. "Hysteria and Insanity in Women: A Nineteenth-Century Canadian Perspective." Journal of Canadian Studies 21,3 (1986): 87-105.

---. "The Toronto and Gladesville Asylums: Humane Alternatives for the Insane in Canada and Australia." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 63,1 (1989): 52-72.

Montigny, Edgar-Andre. "'Foisted Upon the Government': Institutions and the Impact of Public Policy Upon the Aged. The Elderly Patients of Rockwood Asylum, 1866-1906". Journal of Social History 28,4 (1995): 819-836.

Moran, James E. "The Keepers of the Insane: The Role of Attendants at the Toronto Provincial Asylum, 1875-1905." Histoire Sociale: Social History 28,55 (1995): 51-75.

---. Committed to the State Asylum : Insanity and Society in Nineteenth-century Quebec and Ontario. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2000.

Moran, James E. and David Wright, eds. Mental Health and Canadian Society : Historical Perspectives. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2006.

Morris, Joan and Virginia Hartley. "The Dark Side of Mariposa: The Asylum at Orillia." The Beaver 71,5 (1991): 44-49.

Niles, Roland. "Hydrotherapy in the Treatment of Mental Diseases." American Journal of Insanity 55 (1899): 443-447.

Nootens, Thierry. "Mainmise familiale sur la folie au XIXieme siecle." Bulletin d'Histoire Politique 10,3 (2002): 58-66.

Overduin, Hendrick. People and Ideas: Nursing at Western, 1920-1970. Faculty of Nursing of the University of Western Ontario, 1973.

Porter, Roy. Madness : A Brief history. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2002 .

---. Madmen : A Social History of Madhouses, Mad Doctors & Lunatics. Stroud, UK: Tempus Publishing Limited, 2004.

Porter, Roy and David Wright, eds. The Confinement of the Insane : International Perspectives, 1800-1965. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Reaume, Geoffrey. "Keep your labels off my mind! Or 'Now I am going to pretend I am crazy but don't be a bit alarmed': Psychiatric History from the Patient's Perspective." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 11,2 (1994): 397-424.

---. "Accounts of Abuse of Patients at the Toronto Hospital for the Insane, 1883-1937." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 14,1 (1997): 65-106.

---. "Portraits of People with Mental Disorders in English Canadian History." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 17, 1-2 (2000): 93-125.

---. Remembrance of Patients Past : Patient Life at the Toronto Hospital for the Insane, 1870-1940. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2000.

---. "Mad People's History." Radical History Review 94 (2006): 170-182.

---. "A History of Lobotomy in Ontario," in Essays in Honour of Michael Bliss: Figuring the Social, edited by E. A. Heaman, Alison Li, and Shelley McKellar, 378-399. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.

Rechnitzer, Peter A. R.M. Bucke: Journey to Cosmic Consciousness. Markham: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1994.

Rooke, Patricia T. and R.L. Schnell. Discarding the Asylum: From Child Rescue to the Welfare State in English-Canada (1800-1950). Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1983.

Sakel, Manfred. Schizophrenia. New York: Philosophical Library, 1958.

Shephard, Ben. A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Shorter, Edward. A History of Psychiatry : From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Shorter, Edward and David Healy. Shock Therapy : A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2007.

Simmons, Harvey G. From Asylum to Welfare. Toronto: National Institute on Mental Retardation, 1982.

Shortt, S.E.D. Victorian lunacy : Richard M. Bucke and the Practice of Late Nineteenth-century Psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Smith-Rosenberg, Carol. "The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role Conflict in Nineteenth Century America." In Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Stevenson, George Herbert.Collected Reprints. London: University of Western Ontario, 1923.

---. The Life and Work of Richard Maurice Bucke: An Appraisal. Hanover, N.H.: American Journal of Psychiatry, 1937.

---. Bucke and Osler: A Personality Study. London: sn., 1941.

Stevenson, George Herbert and Leola E. Neal. Personality and its Deviations: An Introduction to Abnormal and Medical Psychology. 2nd ed. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1950.

Publications by George Herbert Stevenson. Mary Ann Jameson, ed. London: sn., 1982.

Terbenche, Danielle. "Curative and 'Custodial': Benefits of Patient Treatment at the Asylum for the Insane, Kingston, 1878-1906." Canadian Historical Review 86,1 (2005): 29-52.

Tilleard-Cole, R.R. and J. Marks. The Fundamentals of Psychological Medicine. England: Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd. 1957.

Tredgold, A.F. Manual of Psychological Medicine for Practitioners and Students. London: Ailliere, Tindall and Cox, 1943.

Valverde, Mariana. "'Slavery from within:' The Invention of Alcoholism and the Question of Free Will." Social History 22, 3 (1997): 251-268.

Waller, Diane. Becoming a Profession: The History of Art Therapy in Britain, 1940-82. London: Routledge, 1991.

Walton, John, Jeremiah A. Barondess and Stephen Lock, eds. The Oxford Medical Companion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Weiner, Deborah E.B. Architecture and Social Reform in late-Victorian London. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.

Wright, David. Mental Disability in Victorian England: the Earlswood Asylum, 1847-1901. New York: Clarendon Press, 2001.

Wright, David, Shawn Day, Jessica Smith and Nathan Flis. "A Janus-like Asylum: The City and the Institutional Confinement of the Mentally Ill in Victorian Ontario." Urban History Review: Revue D'Histoire Urbaine 36,2 (2008): 43-52.

Wright, Rebekah. Hydrotherapy in Hospitals for Mental Diseases. Boston: The Tudor Press, Inc., 1932.

---. Hydrotherapy in Psychiatric Hospitals. Boston: The Tudor Press Inc., 1940.